并发篇-sleep vs wait
面试题: sleep vs wait
要求
- 能够说出二者区别
一个共同点,三个不同点
共同点
- wait() ,wait(long) 和 sleep(long) 的效果都是让当前线程暂时放弃 CPU 的使用权,进入阻塞状态
不同点
方法归属不同
- sleep(long) 是 Thread 的静态方法
- 而 wait(),wait(long) 都是 Object 的成员方法,每个对象都有
醒来时机不同
- 执行 sleep(long) 和 wait(long) 的线程都会在等待相应毫秒后醒来
- wait(long) 和 wait() 还可以被 notify 唤醒,wait() 如果不唤醒就一直等下去
- 它们都可以被打断唤醒
锁特性不同(重点)
- wait 方法的调用必须先获取 wait 对象的锁,而 sleep 则无此限制
- wait 方法执行后会释放对象锁,允许其它线程获得该对象锁(我放弃 cpu,但你们还可以用)
- 而 sleep 如果在 synchronized 代码块中执行,并不会释放对象锁(我放弃 cpu,你们也用不了)
sleep vs wait
共同点:
wait()
,wait(long)
和 sleep(long)
的效果都是让当前线程暂时放弃 CPU 的使用权,进入阻塞状态
方法归属不同
- sleep(long)是 Thread 的静态方法
- 而 wait(),wait(long)都是 Object 的成员方法,每个对象都有
醒来时机不同
- 执行 sleep(long)和 wait(long)的线程都会在等待相应亳秒后醒来
- wait(long)和 wait()还可以被 notify 唤醒,wait()如果不唤醒就一直等下去
- 它们都可以被打断唤醒
锁特性不同
- wait 方法的调用必须先获取 wait 对象的锁,而 sleep 则无此限制
- 因wait 方法执行后会释放对象锁,允许其它线程获得该对象锁(我放弃,但你们还可以用)
- 而 sleep 如果在 synchronized 代码块中执行,并不会释放对象锁(我放弃,你们也用不了)
wait
锁对象不能直接调用wait()
方法
java
package learn.thread;
public class SleepAndWait {
private final static Object LOCK = new Object();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
LOCK.wait();
}
}
运行后,直接抛出异常
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException
at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
at learn.thread.SleepAndWait.main(SleepAndWait.java:7)
正确的用法,先获取锁对象,再调用wait()
方法
java
package learn.thread;
public class SleepAndWait {
private final static Object LOCK = new Object();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
synchronized (LOCK){
LOCK.wait();
}
}
}
wait(long)
java
package learn.thread;
public class SleepAndWait {
// 锁对象
private final static Object LOCK = new Object();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
synchronized (LOCK) {
try {
System.out.println("before waiting");
// 让出锁对象
LOCK.wait(5000L);
System.out.println("after waiting");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "t1");
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(100);
// 让出锁对象
synchronized (LOCK) {
System.out.println("main lock");
}
}
}
输出结果
before waiting
main lock
after waiting
sleep
java
package learn.thread;
public class SleepAndWait {
private final static Object LOCK = new Object();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
synchronized (LOCK) {
try {
System.out.println("before sleep");
Thread.sleep(5000L);
System.out.println("after sleep");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "t1");
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(100);
synchronized (LOCK) {
System.out.println("main lock");
}
}
}
输出结果
before sleep
after sleep
main lock
提前唤醒线程
java
package learn.thread;
public class SleepAndWait {
private final static Object LOCK = new Object();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {
synchronized (LOCK) {
try {
System.out.println("before sleep");
Thread.sleep(5000L);
System.out.println("after sleep");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "t1");
t1.start();
Thread.sleep(100);
// 提前唤醒线程
t1.interrupt();
System.out.println("after interrupt");
}
}
输出结果
before sleep
after interrupt
java.lang.InterruptedException: sleep interrupted
at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native Method)
at learn.thread.SleepAndWait.lambda$sleep$1(SleepAndWait.java:44)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:750)